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Plasma testosterone concentration is correlated with circulating immune cell abundance in transgender young people on gender-affirming hormone treatment

Sex hormones, such as oestrogen and testosterone, display significant immune modulatory properties. This is highly relevant for transgender (trans) people who undergo gender-affirming hormone (GAH) treatment. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated the immunological impact of GAH treatments, and almost none have assessed the impact in trans young people.

Citation:
White AA, Pearce T, Coenen I, Bickendorf X, Moore JK, Strauss P, Saunders LA, Chaplyn G, Siafarikas A, Lin A, French M, Tijam C, Strickland D, Leffler J. Plasma testosterone concentration is correlated with circulating immune cell abundance in transgender young people on gender-affirming hormone treatment. Frontiers in Immunology. 2025;16.

Keywords:
B cells; CyTOF; GAH; T cells; flow cytometry; oestrogen; testosterone; transgender

Abstract:
Sex hormones, such as oestrogen and testosterone, display significant immune modulatory properties. This is highly relevant for transgender (trans) people who undergo gender-affirming hormone (GAH) treatment. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated the immunological impact of GAH treatments, and almost none have assessed the impact in trans young people.